Achievements - GI Cancer

Achieving significant changes in medical practice

Since 1991, we have undertaken clinical trial research to improve treatments for patients with GI cancer. We pride ourselves on our independent, patient centred research and following are some of the results of our collaborative multi-disciplinary trials.

We have extended life expectancy for patients with GI cancer by testing:

Oral chemotherapy as an alternative to intravenous therapies
New drug treatments
Targeted therapies and personalised therapy
Preoperative chemo radiation
Novel combinations of treatments

We have improved quality-of-life for patients by:

Reducing side affects by a different combination of chemotherapies
Identifying patients who do not benefit from certain therapies.
Demonstrating that a shorter duration of treatment is equally efficacious but less toxic in the adjuvant treatment of colorectal cancer

We have tested new targeted therapies:

Demonstrating that a drug that acts on tumour growth is safe and active in oesophageal cancer
Showing that a monoclonal antibody treatment is likely to benefit selected patients with bile duct cancer

We are now starting to test preventative therapies in GI cancer.

Clinical Study Results

Oesophageal Meta-analysis - Setting the standard of care for treating people with oesophageal cancer

The study, published in Lancet Oncology, showed for the first time that there is a better chance of survival if patients have chemotherapy and radiation therapy given together just before surgery, rather than surgery alone. The study analysed datafrom many clinical trials. It showed conclusively that there is a 14% improvement in survival if patients receive concurrent chemotherapy and radiation therapy before surgery. This helps prevent the spread of cancerous tumours in their oesophagus, compared to surgery alone. In March 2008, Lancet Oncology announced that this review was the fourth most read article for 2007. This demonstrates the potential for AGITG to impact on clinical care for cancer patients throughout the world.

CO.17 - clinical trial - A new targeted treatment for advanced bowel cancer

The AGITG contributed significantly to a large international clinical trial that for the first time showed that a targeted treatment approach, not involving chemotherapy, prolongs the survival of people with advanced bowel cancer The CO.17 clinical trial tested the drug Cetuximab in people with advanced bowel cancer. Cetuximab works by blocking receptors on the surface of the cancer cells, which in turn blocks the cancer’s ability to grow. This treatment prolonged the lives of people on treatment by a few months. Results from this study were published in the New England Journal of Medicine in 2007. Furthermore, additional research within the CO.17 study into the role of the biomarker KRAS showed that a tumour’s KRAS status can predict a patient’s individual response to treatment with cetuximab. In particular, patients with very advanced colorectal cancer treated with cetuximab whose tumours expressed wildtype KRAS survive twice as long as patients with tumours bearing a mutated KRAS gene. These findings were published in the New England Journal of Medicine in 2008. A follow on study was developed by NCIC in collaboration with the AGITG. CO20 tested a promising new drug, brivanib, added to cetuximab for advanced colorectal cancer. Although the treatment had some positive effects on the tumour, the treatment did not improve overall survival. The results were published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology in 2013.

TROG/AGITG 01.04 clinical trial - A treatment program for rectal cancer

The AGITG has collaborated with the Trans-Tasman Radiation Oncology Group (TROG) in undertaking a major clinical trial of 326 patients with locally advanced cancer of the rectum. The trial compared the relapse rates of patients treated with one or other of two preoperative treatment programs, either one week of radiotherapy or five and a half weeks of chemo-radiotherapy. Both programs have been accepted as standard-of-care in different parts of the world. Early results comparing side-effects were presented at the 2007 European CanCer Organisation (ECCO) meeting and the results of comparing patients’ quality of life were presented at the 2008 meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO). The results were published in JAMA in 2015.

MAX clinical trial - First international AGITG-led trial

The MAX clinical trial was an AGITG-led clinical trial that tested oral chemotherapy in combination with bevacizumab for advanced bowel cancer. This trial was the first for AGITG to recruit patients internationally. The final results were published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology in 2010, and showed that adding bevacizumab to chemotherapy treatment improved progression-free survival without additional toxicity or reduction in quality of life.

Advanced GIST clinical trial - Setting the treatment standard for people with GIST in Australia

AGITG successfully brought a targeted therapy to Australia to treat patients with advanced Gastro-Intestinal Stromal Tumours (GIST). Through the Advanced GIST clinical trial, the AGITG treated patients with the new drug therapy years before it was generally available or listed on the Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS). IMATINIB (Gleevec) leads to a five-fold increase in survival. It acts on GIST by blocking growth signals in tumour cells that are continuously activated as a result of genetic mutations.

INTEGRATE clinical trial - A new biological treatment for oesophageal cancers

INTEGRATE was the first study to show that regorafenib, which inhibits the growth of blood vessels, is active against oesophageal cancer and is safe. These results were published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology in 2016. The trial had patients enrolled in Australia. Regorafenib improved progression-free survival. This benefit was greater in the group of participants from South Korea, which could be due to genetic or molecular differences. On the basis of the success of INTEGRATE, a new phase III trial, INTEGRATE II, has been commenced. INTEGRATE II will look at survival and the reasons for regional differences.

SCOT clinical trial - Reducing the toxic effects of chemotherapy by shortening the treatment dose and time

The standard adjuvant chemotherapy treatment for colorectal cancer is combination chemotherapy including oxaliplatin for 6 months. Oxaliplatin is a nerve toxin and damage to the nerves is cumulative, related to the dose level, and potentially irreversible. The SCOT trial randomised patients to 3 months or 6 months of treatment. In general, the rate of relapse was similar in both groups, but those on the shorter regimen had less toxicity. The results were presented at the meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology in 2017. Individual risk factors and benefits are still being studied.